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@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Most layer problems are usually traced back to one of the following causes:
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* Bad cabling
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* Mismatched duplex/speed
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* Electrical interference (EMI)
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* Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
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* Network congestion
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To find the metrics below, use either `ip -s link`, or `ethtool -S`.
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@@ -376,13 +376,13 @@ cause of duplex/speed mismatch.
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Some devices don't play nicely with each other when auto-negotiation is
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enabled on both sides, so be sure to verify what auto-negotiation resulted in.
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Electrical interference
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-----------------------
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Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
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----------------------------------
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The symptoms of electrical interference can be seen by an increase of CRC errors.
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Electrical interference can be caused by any number of things: power cables nearby,
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The symptoms of electromagnetic interference can be seen by an increase of CRC errors.
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Electromagnetic interference can be caused by any number of things: power cables nearby,
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mechanical systems (such as HVAC units), etc.
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Since a visual inspection will often reveal electrical interferance culprits easier
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Since a visual inspection will often reveal electromagnetic interference culprits easier
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than checking metrics, it's simpler to do a visual inspection first if you suspect
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this.
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The problem can sometimes be solved/alleviated by replacing the cable with STP
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@@ -401,9 +401,9 @@ A link tester, however, is different from a cable certifier, which will verify
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full compliance with TIA/EIA and ISO cable standards, including metrics for
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crosstalk allowance, cable length, current loss, and many others.
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If you need to test cable used in low-impact environments (eg, wall jack to
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If you need to test cable used in low-impact environments (e.g., wall jack to
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desktop), a link tester is usually sufficient.
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If you need to test cable used in high-impact environments (eg, datacenter),
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If you need to test cable used in high-impact environments (e.g., datacenter),
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opt for a cable certifier.
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Reputable cable vendors will have already run certification tests on cable,
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so this is only useful if you are routinely making your own cable (which
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