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some typos, moved todo, more explicit statements
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ those systems was generally what today's operations community calls a
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were carefully hand-built to purpose, rarely replaced, and provided a unique
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set of services to their users.
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The rise of free Unix-like OSes and commodity x86 hardware, coupled with the
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The rise of free Unix-like Operating Systems and commodity x86 hardware, coupled with the
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increasing demands to scale booming Internet services meant the old paradigms
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of capturing configuration were no longer adequate. Lore kept in text files,
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post-bootstrap shell scripts, and tales told around the proverbial campfire
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@@ -22,11 +22,13 @@ out new machines quickly, plus manage configuration drift as users made changes
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system.
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The first such tool to gain prominence was CFEngine, an open-source project
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written in C by Mark Burgess, a CS professer at Oslo University. CFEngine
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popularised the idea of _idempotence_ in systems administration tasks,
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written in C by Mark Burgess, a CS professor at Oslo University. CFEngine
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popularized the idea of *idempotence* in systems administration tasks,
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encouraging users to describe their system administration tasks in ways that
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would be convergent over time rather than strictly imperative shell or perl
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scripting. (.. todo:: a specific example might help)
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scripting.
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.. todo:: a specific example of convergent over time might help
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In the early 2000s, the systems administration community began to focus more
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intensely on configuration management as distributed systems became both more
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@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ reading:
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which they used to build and administer high-performance compute clusters at
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larger scale than most sites at the time had dealt with.
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* Alva Couch from Tufts University and Paul Anderson from University of
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Edinborough, laid out theoretical underpinnings for configuration management
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Edinburgh, laid out theoretical underpinnings for configuration management
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in a `joint session at LISA'04 <http://static.usenix.org/event/lisa04/tech/talks/couch.pdf>`_
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* Narayan Desai's `bcfg2 system <http://bcfg2.org>`_ provided a hackable Python
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CM project with early support for advanced features like templating and
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@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ component stack (ZeroMQ and MongoDB vs MySQL).
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Whatever specific configuration management tooling operations engineers
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encounter as an operations engineer, ultimately the technology exists to enable
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business goals -- short time-to-restoral in the face of component failure,
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business goals -- short time-to-restore in the face of component failure,
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auditable assurance of control, low ratio of operators per managed system, etc.
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-- in a world whose IT systems are moving, in the words of CERN's Tim Bell,
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"from pets to cattle".
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