Notable Changes: Deprecations and Removals: - (SEMVER-MAJOR) fs: runtime deprecate string coercion in `fs.write`, `fs.writeFileSync` (Livia Medeiros) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42607) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) dns: remove `dns.lookup` and `dnsPromises.lookup` options type coercion (Antoine du Hamel) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41431) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) process: runtime deprecate multipleResolves (Benjamin Gruenbaum) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41896) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: remove thenable support (Robert Nagy) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/40773) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) tls: move tls.parseCertString to end-of-life (Tobias Nießen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41479) fetch (experimental): An experimental fetch API is available on the global scope by default. The implementation is based upon https://undici.nodejs.org/#/, an HTTP/1.1 client written for Node.js by contributors to the project. Through this addition, the following globals are made available: `fetch` , `FormData`, `Headers`, `Request`, `Response`. Disable this API with the `--no-experimental-fetch` command-line flag. Contributed by Michaël Zasso in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41811. HTTP Timeouts: `server.headersTimeout`, which limits the amount of time the parser will wait to receive the complete HTTP headers, is now set to `60000` (60 seconds) by default. `server.requestTimeout`, which sets the timeout value in milliseconds for receiving the entire request from the client, is now set to `300000` (5 minutes) by default. If these timeouts expire, the server responds with status 408 without forwarding the request to the request listener and then closes the connection. Both timeouts must be set to a non-zero value to protect against potential Denial-of-Service attacks in case the server is deployed without a reverse proxy in front. Contributed by Paolo Insogna in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41263. Test Runner module (experimental): The `node:test` module facilitates the creation of JavaScript tests that report results in TAP format. This module is only available under the `node:` scheme. Contributed by Colin Ihrig in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42325. Toolchain and Compiler Upgrades: - Prebuilt binaries for Linux are now built on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 and are compatible with Linux distributions based on glibc 2.28 or later, for example, Debian 10, RHEL 8, Ubuntu 20.04. - Prebuilt binaries for macOS now require macOS 10.15 or later. - For AIX the minimum supported architecture has been raised from Power 7 to Power 8. Prebuilt binaries for 32-bit Windows will initially not be available due to issues building the V8 dependency in Node.js. We hope to restore 32-bit Windows binaries for Node.js 18 with a future V8 update. Node.js does not support running on operating systems that are no longer supported by their vendor. For operating systems where their vendor has planned to end support earlier than April 2025, such as Windows 8.1 (January 2023) and Windows Server 2012 R2 (October 2023), support for Node.js 18 will end at the earlier date. Full details about the supported toolchains and compilers are documented in the Node.js `BUILDING.md` file. Contributed by Richard Lau in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42292, https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42604 and https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42659 , and Michaël Zasso in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42105 and https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42666. V8 10.1: The V8 engine is updated to version 10.1, which is part of Chromium 101. Compared to the version included in Node.js 17.9.0, the following new features are included: - The `findLast` and `findLastIndex` array methods. - Improvements to the `Intl.Locale` API. - The `Intl.supportedValuesOf` function. - Improved performance of class fields and private class methods (the initialization of them is now as fast as ordinary property stores). The data format returned by the serialization API (`v8.serialize(value)`) has changed, and cannot be deserialized by earlier versions of Node.js. On the other hand, it is still possible to deserialize the previous format, as the API is backwards-compatible. Contributed by Michaël Zasso in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42657. Web Streams API (experimental): Node.js now exposes the experimental implementation of the Web Streams API on the global scope. This means the following APIs are now globally available: - `ReadableStream`, `ReadableStreamDefaultReader`, `ReadableStreamBYOBReader`, `ReadableStreamBYOBRequest`, `ReadableByteStreamController`, `ReadableStreamDefaultController`, `TransformStream`, `TransformStreamDefaultController`, `WritableStream`, `WritableStreamDefaultWriter`, `WritableStreamDefaultController`, `ByteLengthQueuingStrategy`, `CountQueuingStrategy`, `TextEncoderStream`, `TextDecoderStream`, `CompressionStream`, `DecompressionStream`. Contributed James Snell in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/39062, and Antoine du Hamel in https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42225. Other Notable Changes: - (SEMVER-MAJOR) buffer: expose Blob as a global (James M Snell) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41270) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) child\_process: improve argument validation (Rich Trott) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41305) - doc: add RafaelGSS to collaborators (RafaelGSS) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42718) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) http: make TCP noDelay enabled by default (Paolo Insogna) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42163) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) net: make `server.address()` return an integer for `family` (Antoine du Hamel) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41431) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) worker: expose BroadcastChannel as a global (James M Snell) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41271) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) worker: graduate BroadcastChannel to supported (James M Snell) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41271) Semver-Major Commits: - (SEMVER-MAJOR) assert,util: compare RegExp.lastIndex while using deep equal checks (Ruben Bridgewater) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41020) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) buffer: refactor `byteLength` to remove outdated optimizations (Rongjian Zhang) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38545) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) buffer: expose Blob as a global (James M Snell) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41270) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) buffer: graduate Blob from experimental (James M Snell) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41270) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) build: make x86 Windows support temporarily experimental (Michaël Zasso) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42666) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) build: bump macOS deployment target to 10.15 (Richard Lau) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42292) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) build: downgrade Windows 8.1 and server 2012 R2 to experimental (Michaël Zasso) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42105) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) child\_process: improve argument validation (Rich Trott) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41305) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) cluster: make `kill` to be just `process.kill` (Bar Admoni) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34312) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) crypto: cleanup validation (Mohammed Keyvanzadeh) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/39841) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) crypto: prettify othername in PrintGeneralName (Tobias Nießen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42123) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) crypto: fix X509Certificate toLegacyObject (Tobias Nießen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42124) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) crypto: use RFC2253 format in PrintGeneralName (Tobias Nießen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42002) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) crypto: change default check(Host|Email) behavior (Tobias Nießen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41600) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) deps: V8: cherry-pick semver-major commits from 10.2 (Michaël Zasso) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42657) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) deps: update V8 to 10.1.124.6 (Michaël Zasso) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42657) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) deps: update V8 to 9.8.177.9 (Michaël Zasso) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41610) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) deps: update V8 to 9.7.106.18 (Michaël Zasso) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/40907) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) dns: remove `dns.lookup` and `dnsPromises.lookup` options type coercion (Antoine du Hamel) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41431) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) doc: update minimum glibc requirements for Linux (Richard Lau) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42659) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) doc: update AIX minimum supported arch (Richard Lau) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42604) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) fs: runtime deprecate string coercion in `fs.write`, `fs.writeFileSync` (Livia Medeiros) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42607) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) http: refactor headersTimeout and requestTimeout logic (Paolo Insogna) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41263) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) http: make TCP noDelay enabled by default (Paolo Insogna) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42163) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) lib: enable fetch by default (Michaël Zasso) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41811) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) lib: replace validator and error (Mohammed Keyvanzadeh) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41678) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) module,repl: support 'node:'-only core modules (Colin Ihrig) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42325) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) net: make `server.address()` return an integer for `family` (Antoine du Hamel) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41431) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) process: disallow some uses of Object.defineProperty() on process.env (Himself65) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/28006) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) process: runtime deprecate multipleResolves (Benjamin Gruenbaum) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41896) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) readline: fix question still called after closed (Xuguang Mei) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42464) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: remove thenable support (Robert Nagy) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/40773) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: expose web streams globals, remove runtime experimental warning (Antoine du Hamel) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42225) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: need to cleanup event listeners if last stream is readable (Xuguang Mei) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41954) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: revert revert `map` spec compliance (Benjamin Gruenbaum) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41933) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: throw invalid arg type from End Of Stream (Jithil P Ponnan) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41766) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: don't emit finish after destroy (Robert Nagy) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/40852) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) stream: add errored and closed props (Robert Nagy) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/40696) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) test: add initial test module (Colin Ihrig) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42325) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) timers: refactor internal classes to ES2015 syntax (Rabbit) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37408) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) tls: represent registeredID numerically always (Tobias Nießen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41561) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) tls: move tls.parseCertString to end-of-life (Tobias Nießen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41479) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) url: throw on NULL in IPv6 hostname (Rich Trott) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42313) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) v8: make v8.writeHeapSnapshot() error codes consistent (Darshan Sen) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42577) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) v8: make writeHeapSnapshot throw if fopen fails (Antonio Román) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41373) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) worker: expose BroadcastChannel as a global (James M Snell) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41271) - (SEMVER-MAJOR) worker: graduate BroadcastChannel to supported (James M Snell) (https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41271) PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/42262
Documentation style guide
This style guide helps us create organized and easy-to-read documentation. It provides guidelines for organization, spelling, formatting, and more.
These are guidelines rather than strict rules. Content is more important than formatting. You do not need to learn the entire style guide before contributing to documentation. Someone can always edit your material later to conform with this guide.
- Documentation is in markdown files with names formatted as
lowercase-with-dashes.md.- Use an underscore in the filename only if the underscore is part of the
topic name (e.g.,
child_process). - Some files, such as top-level markdown files, are exceptions.
- Use an underscore in the filename only if the underscore is part of the
topic name (e.g.,
- Documents should be word-wrapped at 80 characters.
.editorconfigdescribes the preferred formatting.- A plugin is available for some editors to apply these rules.
- Check changes to documentation with
make test-doc -jorvcbuild test-doc. - Use US spelling.
- Use serial commas.
- Avoid first-person pronouns (I, we).
- Exception: we recommend foo is preferable to foo is recommended.
- Use gender-neutral pronouns and gender-neutral plural nouns.
- OK: they, their, them, folks, people, developers
- NOT OK: his, hers, him, her, guys, dudes
- When combining wrapping elements (parentheses and quotes), place terminal
punctuation:
- Inside the wrapping element if the wrapping element contains a complete clause.
- Outside of the wrapping element if the wrapping element contains only a fragment of a clause.
- Documents must start with a level-one heading.
- Prefer affixing links (
[a link][]) to inlining links ([a link](http://example.com)). - When documenting APIs, update the YAML comment associated with the API as appropriate. This is especially true when introducing or deprecating an API.
- When documenting APIs, every function should have a usage example or link to an example that uses the function.
- For code blocks:
-
Use language-aware fences. (
```js) -
For the info string, use one of the following.
Meaning Info string Bash bashC cC++ cppCoffeeScript coffeeDiff diffHTTP httpJavaScript jsJSON jsonMarkdown markdownPlaintext textPowershell powershellR rShell Session consoleIf one of your language-aware fences needs an info string that is not already on this list, you may use
textuntil the grammar gets added toremark-preset-lint-node. -
Code need not be complete. Treat code blocks as an illustration or aid to your point, not as complete running programs. If a complete running program is necessary, include it as an asset in
assets/code-examplesand link to it.
-
- When using underscores, asterisks, and backticks, please use
backslash-escaping:
\_,\*, and\`. - Constructors should use PascalCase.
- Instances should use camelCase.
- Denote methods with parentheses:
socket.end()instead ofsocket.end. - Function arguments or object properties should use the following format:
* `name` {type|type2} Optional description. **Default:** `value`.
- For example:
*byteOffset{integer} Index of first byte to expose. Default:0.
- The
typeshould refer to a Node.js type or a JavaScript type.
- Function returns should use the following format:
* Returns: {type|type2} Optional description.- E.g.
* Returns: {AsyncHook} A reference toasyncHook.
- Use official styling for capitalization in products and projects.
- OK: JavaScript, Google's V8
- NOT OK: Javascript, Google's v8
- Use Node.js and not Node, NodeJS, or similar variants.
- When referring to the executable,
nodeis acceptable.
- When referring to the executable,
- Be direct.
- When referring to a version of Node.js in prose, use Node.js and the version
number. Do not prefix the version number with v in prose. This is to avoid
confusion about whether v8 refers to Node.js 8.x or the V8 JavaScript
engine.
- OK: Node.js 14.x, Node.js 14.3.1
- NOT OK: Node.js v14
- Use sentence-style capitalization for headings.
See also API documentation structure overview in doctools README.
For topics not covered here, refer to the Microsoft Writing Style Guide.